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Lessons>Grammar
Exercises>Present Perfect Tense & Exercise |
Present Perfect Tense & Exercise
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1. Form: to have (present tense)+ the past participle
of the main verb.
| Subject |
to have |
past participle |
| She |
has |
finished. |
| Subject |
to have + not |
past participle |
| She |
hasn't |
finished. |
| to have |
subject |
past participle |
| Has |
she |
finished...? |
| to have + not |
subject |
past participle |
| Hasn't |
she |
finished...? |
Example: to leave (irregular verb), present perfect
form
| I have left |
I haven't left |
Have I left? |
| You have left |
You haven't left |
Have you left? |
| He, she, it has left |
He, she, it hasn't left |
Has he,she,it left? |
| We have left |
We haven't left |
Have we left? |
| You have left |
You haven't left |
Have you left? |
| They have left |
They haven't left |
Have they left? |
2. Use:
The present perfect is used for a complete action: We are thinking of
the result when describing:
EXAMPLES:
1. An action or situation that started in the past and continues
in the present.
I have lived in Canada since 1984. (and I still do)
2. An action performed during a period that has not yet finished.
She has been to the doctor twice this week. (and the week
isn't over yet)
3. A repeated action in an unspecified period between the past
and now.
We have visited London several times.
4. An action that was completed in the very recent past (expressed
by 'just')
I have just finished my work.
5. An action when the result is very important but the time is
not.
He has seen ‘Harry Potter’.
Present perfect OR past simple?
Very Important: When we want to give or ask details about
when, where, who, we use the simple past.
Example: He saw ‘Harry Potter’ last week.
Use the present perfect when the time is not important.
Use the simple past when the time or place is important.
Try the exercise
PRESENT PERFECT + for, since
When talking about the length of time (duration), we use the present
perfect with for + a period of time.
When talking about a starting point, we use the present perfect with
since + a point in time.
For + a period of time:
for six years, for a week, for a month, for
hours, for two hours.
I have worked here for five years. She has lived here for twenty
years. They have been married for six months.
Since + a point in time:
since this morning, since last week, since yesterday,
since I was 12, since Friday, since 6 o'clock.
I have lived here since 1998. They have been married since June.
We have been at this school since last year.
F PRESENT PERFECT + adverbs (ever, never, already, yet, still)
'Ever' and 'never' are always placed before the past
participle.
'Ever' = sometime before now, is used:
a. in questions
Have you ever been to Canada?
Has she ever met someone famous?
b. in negative questions
Haven't they ever been to Canada?
Haven't you ever eaten Thai food?
c. and in negative statements using the pattern nothing.......ever,
nobody.......ever e.g.
Nobody has ever said that to me before.
Nothing like that has ever happened to me.
d. 'Ever' is also used with 'The first time.... e.g.
It's the first time I've ever eaten Thai food.
This is the first time I've ever been to Canada.
'Never' = not ever. Never is used after have/has.
I have never visited London. I’ve never
been so sick.
Already, yet and still. It can be placed before
the main verb (past participle) or at the end of the sentence.
Already = sooner than expected, is used:
a. I've already heard the story five times.
b. Most people have already gone.
It is also used in questions:
a. Have you already rang Mike?
b. Has he arrived already?
Yet is used in negative statements and questions when we are
expecting something to happen and goes at the end of the sentence.
a. Have you bought a ticket yet?
b. I haven't met her yet.
c. Has your course started yet?
d. They haven't arrived yet.
Still = continuing longer than expected. Still is stronger
than yet and often expresses surprise that a situation has continued
for so long.
a. She isn’t home yet. She’s still at work.
b. I still haven’t found what I’m looking for.
c. I’m still thinking about it.
Back to Grammar Table
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